Particle Swarm Optimization on Adaptive PID controller

•Particle swarm optimization is an artificial intelligence (AI) technique.

•The idea behind the algorithm was inspired by social behaviour of animals such as bird flocking and fish schooling.

•PSO starts with random set of solutions that is called the particles. Each particle has positions (value of the variables) and velocities. The particles update their velocities and positions based on the local best solution (best solution associated with current population) and global best solution (best solution associated with population found so far).

Here it is used to optimize second order system having delay 0.2 second and 0.3 second.